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Occupational Outlook Handbook | All Occupations

Management occupations

Earnings Graph | Area and Industry Statistics | Demographics | Union Statistics | Employee Tenure | Fatalities | In the News | Job Openings
  • Administrative Services Managers
    • Applicants will face keen competition because of the substantial supply of competent, experienced workers seeking managerial jobs.
    • Administrative services managers work throughout private industry and government and have a wide range of responsibilities, experience, earnings, and education.
    • Administrative services managers should be analytical, detail-oriented, flexible, decisive, and have good communication skills.
  • Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations, and Sales Managers
    • Keen competition for jobs is expected.
    • College graduates with related experience, a high level of creativity, strong communication skills, and computer skills should have the best job opportunities.
    • High earnings, substantial travel, and long hours, including evenings and weekends, are common.
  • Computer and Information Systems Managers
    • Employment of computer and information systems managers is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations through the year 2014.
    • Many managers possess advanced technical knowledge gained from working in a computer occupation.
    • Job opportunities will be best for applicants with computer-related work experience; a master's degree in business administration (MBA) with technology as a core component, or a management information systems degree; and strong communication and administrative skills.
  • Construction Managers
    • Construction managers must be available—often 24 hours a day—to deal with delays, bad weather, or emergencies at the jobsite.
    • Employers prefer individuals who combine construction industry work experience with a bachelor's degree in construction science, construction management, or civil engineering.
    • Excellent employment opportunities are expected as the increasing complexity of many construction projects requires more managers to oversee them.
  • Education Administrators
    • Many jobs require a master's or doctoral degree and experience in a related occupation, such as a teacher or admissions counselor.
    • Strong interpersonal and communication skills are essential because much of an administrator's job involves working and collaborating with others.
    • Excellent opportunities are expected since a large proportion of education administrators is expected to retire over the next 10 years.
  • Education Administrators, all other
  • Engineering and Natural Sciences Managers
    • Most engineering and natural sciences managers have previous experience as engineers, scientists, or mathematicians.
    • Projected employment growth for engineering and natural sciences managers should be closely related to growth in employment of the engineers and scientists they supervise and of the industries in which they are found.
    • Opportunities will be best for workers with strong communication and business management skills.
  • Farmers, Ranchers, and Agricultural Managers
    • Modern farming requires knowledge of new developments in agriculture, as well as work experience acquired through growing up on a farm or through postsecondary education.
    • Overall employment is projected to decline because of increasing productivity and consolidation of farms.
    • Horticulture and organic farming will provide better employment opportunities.
    • Small-scale farming is a major growth area and offers the best opportunity for entering the occupation.
  • Financial Managers
    • About 3 out of 10 work in finance and insurance industries.
    • A bachelor's degree in finance, accounting, or a related field is the minimum academic preparation, but many employers increasingly seek graduates with a master's degree in business administration, economics, finance, or risk management.
    • Experience may be more important than formal education for some financial manager positions—most notably, branch managers in banks.
    • Jobseekers are likely to face competition.
  • Food Service Managers
    • Experience as food and beverage preparation and service workers is essential for promotion into managerial positions, however, applicants with a college degree in restaurant and institutional food service management should have the best job opportunities.
    • Many new food service manager jobs will arise in the food services and drinking places industry as the number of establishments increases along with the population.
    • Job opportunities for salaried food service managers should be better than for self-employed managers because more restaurant managers will be employed by regional or national restaurant chains to run their establishments.
  • Funeral Directors
    • Job opportunities should be good, particularly for those who also embalm; however, mortuary science graduates may have to relocate to find jobs.
    • Funeral directors are licensed by their State.
    • Advancement opportunities generally are best in larger funeral homes.
  • Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Managers and Specialists
    • In filling entry-level jobs, many employers seek college graduates who have majored in human resources, human resources administration, or industrial and labor relations; other employers look for college graduates with a technical or business background or a well-rounded liberal arts education.
    • For many specialized jobs, previous experience is an asset; for more advanced positions, including those of managers, arbitrators, and mediators, it is essential.
    • Keen competition for jobs is expected because of the plentiful supply of qualified college graduates and experienced workers.
  • Industrial Production Managers
    • While there is no standard preparation, a college degree is helpful.
    • Applicants with a college degree in industrial engineering, management, or business administration, and particularly those with an undergraduate engineering degree and a master's degree in business administration or industrial management, enjoy the best job prospects.
    • Employment of industrial production managers is expected to grow more slowly than average as overall employment in manufacturing declines; however, because production managers are so essential to the efficient operation of a plant, they have not been as affected by efforts to flatten management structures.
  • Lodging Managers
    • Long hours, including night and weekend work, are common.
    • Employment is projected to grow about as fast as the average for all occupations.
    • College graduates with degrees in hotel or hospitality management should have the best job opportunities.
  • Medical and Health Services Managers
    • Rapid employment growth is projected; job opportunities will be especially good in offices of health practitioners, general medical and surgical hospitals, home health care services, and outpatient care centers.
    • Applicants with work experience in health care and strong business and management skills likely will have the best opportunities.
    • Earnings are high, but long work hours are common.
    • A master's degree is the standard credential for most positions, although a bachelor's degree is adequate for some entry-level positions in smaller facilities and in health information management.
  • Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
    • Opportunities should be best for those with college degrees in business administration, real estate, or related fields and with professional designations.
    • Good speaking, writing, computer, and financial skills, as well as an ability to tactfully deal with people, are essential.
    • More than half of property, real estate, and community association managers are self-employed.
  • Purchasing Managers, Buyers, and Purchasing Agents
    • Forty-three percent are employed in wholesale trade or manufacturing establishments.
    • Some firms promote qualified employees to these positions, while other employers recruit college graduates; regardless of academic preparation, new employees need 1 to 5 years to learn the specifics of their employer's business.
    • Overall employment growth is expected to be slower than average.
    • Opportunities should be best for those with a college degree.
  • Top Executives
    • Keen competition is expected because the prestige and high pay attract a large number of qualified applicants.
    • Top executives are among the highest paid workers; however, long hours, considerable travel, and intense pressure to succeed are common.
    • The formal education and experience of top executives vary as widely as the nature of their responsibilities.
  • Managers, all other

Earnings Graph

National Average and Percentile Annual Earnings, May 2005

Metropolitan area and State estimates.

source: Occupational Employment Statistics Program; about this section

Area and Industry Statistics

May 2005 Mean Annual Earnings and Employment, wage and salary workers

Management occupations
— National
U.S.: $88,450
— by State
AL: $77,210
AK: $69,800
AZ: $77,780
AR: $69,540
CA: $99,000
CO: $89,050
CT: $102,260
DE: $91,330
DC: $97,810
FL: $90,650
GA: $86,600
HI: $80,070
ID: $61,270
IL: $85,350
IN: $77,380
IA: $74,210
KS: $78,550
KY: $74,160
LA: $69,710
ME: $69,570
MD: $91,110
MA: $99,600
MI: $90,370
MN: $93,670
MS: $64,200
MO: $86,880
MT: $58,780
NE: $77,220
NV: $85,910
NH: $86,470
NJ: $109,930
NM: $71,040
NY: $107,580
NC: $84,990
ND: $69,680
OH: $87,620
OK: $67,270
OR: $80,310
PA: $82,890
RI: $89,370
SC: $73,990
SD: $71,220
TN: $71,310
TX: $85,030
UT: $76,690
VT: $83,900
VA: $96,600
WA: $102,190
WV: $66,060
WI: $84,430
WY: $63,450
GU: $53,370
PR: $61,950
VI: $66,410
— by NAICS Industry Sector
11 $76,140
21 $99,700
22 $98,360
23 $92,100
31-33 $99,900
42 $103,580
44-45 $81,200
48-49 $80,590
51 $107,730
52 $106,700
53 $66,790
54 $113,090
55 $107,020
56 $88,960
61 $78,120
62 $71,410
71 $76,870
72 $53,270
81 $76,210
92 $71,110
Also see State and Metropolitan Area and industry estimates of employment and percentile earnings for management occupations.

Width of bars indicates mean annual wages; color of bars indicates employment.

source: Occupational Employment Statistics Program; about this section

Demographics

Management occupations

  • Employed persons, 2004
    • Employed persons:
    14,555,000    		Percent of total
    WomenMenBlackAsianHispanic
    36.7% 63.3% 5.9% 4.0% 6.3%
  • Full-time wage and salary workers, 2004
     EmploymentMedian weekly earnings
    $W/M ratio
    Women
    (emp.) (earn.)    		 3,995,000$8710.717
    Men
    (emp.) (earn.)    		 6,226,000$1,215
    All workers
    (emp.) (earn.)    		 10,221,000$1,052 

source: Current Population Survey; about this section

Union Statistics

• Union affiliation of employed wage & salary workers
• Median weekly earnings of full-time wage & salary workers

Management occupations

  • Employed wage and salary workers, 2005
    • Employed persons: 10,921,000
    Members of unionsRepresented by unions
    NumberPercentNumberPercent
    485,000 4.4% 585,000 5.4%
    more union employment statistics
  • Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, 2005
    All full-time wage and salary workers $1,083
    — Members of unions$1,137
    — Represented by unions$1,146
    — Non-union$1,076
    more union earnings statistics

source: Current Population Survey; about this section

Employee Tenure

Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers, 2004

OccupationEmployee Tenure, median (years)
Management occupations 6.0

source: Current Population Survey; about this section

Fatalities

2004 Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and event or exposure

OccupationFatalities: Event or exposure
TotalTran.Viol.Cont.FallsExpo.Fires
Management occupations 629 270 110 131 65 30 22
Top executives 27 15 3 3 3--
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers 19 11 5----
Other management occupations 540 230 87 124 53 26 20
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers 16 8 3 3---
Managers, all other 47 16 16 4 4 4 3

source: Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities Program; about this section

In the News

Recent posts from the Management Occupations archive of the ocouha weblog:

 

Job Openings

Current job openings on craigslist.com

human resources jobs

albany albuquerque allentown anchorage ann arbor asheville atlanta austin bakersfield baltimore birmingham boise boston buffalo burlington champaign urbana charleston charlotte chicago chico cincinnati cleveland columbia columbus dallas dayton delaware denver desmoines detroit el paso eugene fort myers fresno grand rapids greensboro harrisburg hartford honolulu houston humboldt indianapolis inland empire jackson jacksonville kansas city las vegas lexington little rock los angeles louisville madison maine memphis miami milwaukee minneapolis modesto montana monterey nashville new hampshire new haven new jersey new orleans new york norfolk north dakota oklahoma city omaha orange county orlando philadelphia phoenix pittsburgh portland providence puerto rico raleigh redding reno richmond rochester sacramento salt lake san antonio san diego san francisco bay area santa barbara san luis obispo seattle s dakota spokane st louis stockton syracuse tallahassee tampa tucson tulsa washington, DC western massachusetts west palm beach west virginia wichita wyoming

marketing / advertising / PR jobs

albany albuquerque allentown anchorage ann arbor asheville atlanta austin bakersfield baltimore birmingham boise boston buffalo burlington champaign urbana charleston charlotte chicago chico cincinnati cleveland columbia columbus dallas dayton delaware denver desmoines detroit el paso eugene fort myers fresno grand rapids greensboro harrisburg hartford honolulu houston humboldt indianapolis inland empire jackson jacksonville kansas city las vegas lexington little rock los angeles louisville madison maine memphis miami milwaukee minneapolis modesto montana monterey nashville new hampshire new haven new jersey new orleans new york norfolk north dakota oklahoma city omaha orange county orlando philadelphia phoenix pittsburgh portland providence puerto rico raleigh redding reno richmond rochester sacramento salt lake san antonio san diego san francisco bay area santa barbara san luis obispo seattle s dakota spokane st louis stockton syracuse tallahassee tampa tucson tulsa washington, DC western massachusetts west palm beach west virginia wichita wyoming

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